Personalised support arrangements are central to English adult social care policy and practice. The underpinning aim of enhancing choice and control over individual support arrangements can be traced back several decades, through campaigns by working age disabled people to receive cash direct payments rather than services; In Control’s promotion of self-directed support for learning disabled adults; the piloting of individual budgets; and the mainstreaming of personal budgets across adult social care. A major emphasis of current social care practice is on optimising the choice and control that disabled and older people can exercise over their support.